This paper presents a simple yet straightforward method for the design and analysis of a cam mechanism with a translating follower having double rollers. Pdf a computational approach for cam size optimization. These advantages include motion function flexibility, relatively compact size, straightforward design principles, and a large mechanical advantage. Cam mechanism article about cam mechanism by the free.
Jump is a situation where the cam and follower physically separate. Some complicated motions are easily achieved by using cams and followers which are difficult to achieve. A familiar application of a cam mechanism is in the opening and closing of valves in an automotive engine. Learn fundamental concepts and terminology learn how to. The follower arm swings or oscillates in a circular arc with respect to the follower pivot. Optimization of cam follower mechanism to increase mechanical. A flatfaced follower consists of a follower that is formed with a large, flat surface available to contact the cam. The influence of stickslip transitions in mixedfriction predictions of.
Use of the vap function in the design of camfollower mechanisms. The cam mechanism is modeled as a driving disccamshaftcamfollower system. Both the inlet and outlet valves are regulated using cam and follower. The mechanism of cam and follower is essential in the engineering field and has many different functions to the different machines. The validity of the proposed design methodology is demonstrated by machining a cam mechanism having a negative radius rollerfollower with a radius of 100 mm. It wears slower than a knifeedge follower, since the points of contact move across the surface of the follower. Cam mechanisms are widely used because with them, different types of motion can be possible.
Real life example key phrases our cam and follower by. The mex mechanism can also measure the turning force of every cam or eccentric provided. The cam follower pair is a very complex lubricated contact because its continuous variation of load, speed and radius of curvature. Cam and follower is a type of assembly, both works together in any machine element. Sara g, arissa l, serenidy m, salma r wms pltw period 3 types of cam and followers flat follower roller follower pointknife follower curved shoe follower. The follower is pivoted at a suitable point on the frame and oscillates as the cam makes rotary motion. Experimental analyses are done with the objectives of. The mechanism for cam and the mechanism for follower depend upon each other so that the main mechanism of cam and follower. The use of algebraic polynomials to specify the follower motion is a new choice for cam. This video shows how four cylinder engine works with cam and follower mechanism created with the help of ptc proengineer. Mcgill cf1 34s cam follower, standard stud, sealed. Analysis and simulation of cam follower mechanism using polynomial cam profile pages. Step 17 oil the circumference of the new follower and apply a generous coating of assembly lube to. Computer aided kinematic and dynamic analysis of cam and.
This introduces a little bit about inverse kinematics, and a little on motion design with motiondesigner. The cam is the driver member and the follower is the driven member. The cam converts rotary motion of one element into reciprocating linear motion or into oscillatory motion. It is the surface area of a cam where follower touches. Cam follower with tapped greasing hole model cft b3. Analysis and usage of cams and their followers engineering. Computer aided kinematic analysis and simulation of the camfollower mechanism m v ingalkar 1 and c r patil corresponding author. Almost always the cam is the driver and the follower is the driven. The coefficient of rigidity of the spring which gives. Mcgill cf3sb cam follower, standard stud, sealedhex hole. The camfollower mechanism plays an important role in applications such as internal combustion engines, printing control mechanisms, and. The cam and follower mechanism is widely used for operating the inlet and exhaust valves of internal combustion engines. Cam followers come in a vast array of different configurations, however the most defining characteristic is how the cam follower mounts to its mating part. Clearly, periodic inspections are a good idea if you want to avoid this situation.
Feb 26, 2016 this video shows how four cylinder engine works with cam and follower mechanism created with the help of ptc proengineer. Consequently, this type of follower is used when quick motions are required. A cam and follower mechanism is a profiled shape mounted. A cam follower, also known as a track follower, is a specialized type of roller or needle bearing designed to follow cam lobe profiles.
The follower shown in figure 4 c is a flatfaced follower. G student department of mechanical engineering 1, ambajogai, maharashtra, india 1 email. This more accurate movement is at the expense of the strength of the cam follower. Publishers pdf, also known as version of record includes final page, issue and volume. This video explains the concept of cam and follower mechanism used in an engine, with the help of a live example that shall prove to be helpful for engineering students. Cam follower definition of cam follower by merriamwebster. The cam which has a curved surface or straight surface. Types of cam follower flat ended this cannot be used for concave profiles. The follower is known as a radial follower if the line of. The follower system revolves with respect to the center line of the vertical shaft.
Comparison of cam and servomotor solutions to a motion. When they come back together the impact introduces large forces and thus large stresses, which can cause both vibrations and early failure of the mechanism. Design of cam and follower system using basic and synthetic. Cam and follower combination belongs to the category of higher pairs. Instant centers of a cam and follower finding ics without using effective linkage. The rise is the motion of the follower away from the cam center, dwell is the. Devices that utilize cams to transform one type of motion into another are typically composed of three main parts. Presentation on cam an followers linkedin slideshare. What are the applications of cam and follower in robotics. Analysis and usage of cams and their followers engineering essay.
Simulation model of cam follower mechanism with 345 polynomial cam profile. Dynamic response of cam follower mechanism 2009011416 one of the major applications of cam mechanism is valve actuation of internal combustion ic engines. Vibrations of cam mechanisms and their consequences on the design. The acceleration, as shown at i, is maximum at the initial position, zero at the midposition, and negative maximum at the final position. Cam mechanisms appeared in china at around 600 bc in the form of a. Diagrams one to six show a rotating cam pushing a follower up and then allowing it to slowly fall back down. The cam follower mechanism is versatile and almost any arbitrarilyspecified motion can be achieved. Experimental verification are necessary but very difficult to perform.
A cam is a rotating or sliding piece in a mechanical linkage used especially in transforming. As the cam rotates, the follower rises and falls in a process known as reciprocating motion. Design of cam mechanisms with a translating follower. The study of cam and follower mechanism becomes important. A cam has two parts, the follower and the cam profile. This type of follower can be used with a steep cam motion and does not jam. Mechanical error analysis of disk cam mechanisms with a. A familiar example is the camshaft of an automobile engine, where the cams drive the push rods the followers to open and close the valves in synchronization with the motion of the pistons.
Cams can provide unusual and irregular motions that may be impossible with the other types of mechanisms. This work deals with the follower response determination for a given prescribed cam. A computational approach for cam size optimization of disc camfollower mechanisms with translating roller followers article pdf available in journal of mechanisms and robotics 54. Cam and follower definition and types explained with images. Adding a cam to your mechanism is another important requirement when you design and build going packaging machines. The total number of instant centers p of n links in the plane is. The pressure angle is one of the primary considerations in designing a cam mechanism since an inappropriate angle may cause excessive sliding loads on the follower. Mechanical error analysis of disk cam mechanisms with a flat. Computer aided kinematic analysis and simulation of the cam follower mechanism m v ingalkar 1 and c r patil corresponding author. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. By employing the concept of equivalent linkage, this paper presents an analytical method for analyzing the mechanical errors of disk cam mechanisms with a flatfaced follower.
Analysis and simulation of cam follower mechanism using. In a cam follower pair, the cam normally rotates while the follower may translate or oscillate. It contains needle bearings and is used as a guide roller for cam mechanisms or linear motion. The cf series cam follower includes lubrication holes on both ends of the stud and through a crossdrilled hole in the stud shank. Comparison of cam and servomotor solutions to a motion problem. Dynamic response of camfollower mechanism 2009011416 one of the major applications of cam mechanism is valve actuation of internal combustion ic engines. The cam rotates usually at constant speed and drives the follower whose motion depends upon the shape of the cam. Pdf a computational approach for cam size optimization of. Publishers pdf, also known as version of record includes final page. In this type, as the cam rotates, the follower reciprocates or translates in the guides.
Cam and follower mechanism is preferred over a wide variety of internal combustion engines because due to the cam and follower it is possible to obtain an unlimited variety of motions. Cam follower definition is the peg or roller which follows the curvature of a cam and to which the motion of the cam is thereby directly communicated. Optimization of cam follower mechanism to increase. Cam mechanism a mechanism that usually consists of two moving parts a cam and tappet and a fixed part the support. The cam shaft is rotated and, according to the cam profile, the follower moves up and down. Experimental study of engine camfollowers enrico ciulli 1, bruno piccigallo 2, dagoberto vela 1department of mechanical, nuclear and manufacturing engineering, university of pisa, italy email. It also obtains critical design output parameters of roller cams. In a cam mechanism, the three essential members are. How cam and follower mechanisms work bright hub engineering. If the black antiwear coating is gone, replace the follower. Cam and followers are the example of higher pair due to the line contact between them. One response to kinematics of the cam follower mechanism.
In this interactive package the user has options to select i follower motions, ii cam functions, iii motion segments, and iv cam angle increments. A cam follower, also known as a track follower,1 is a specialized type of roller or needle bearing designed to follow cams. Now slightly different types of eccentric cam followers are also available in which energy is transferred from the follower to the cam. A cam and follower mechanism is to convert one form of motion to other usually rotary to linear and vice versa. Cam follower bearings are used for a number of applications, including linear motion support, locating components during the aforementioned movements, and process transfer lines. Stability of motion of the camfollower system sciencedirect. In diagram 1 the cam is in a vertical position and it slow rotates in an anticlockwise direction. Oct 18, 2015 cam follower bearings are used for a number of applications, including linear motion support, locating components during the aforementioned movements, and process transfer lines. A teaching tool for design and analysis of cam and follower. Design of cam mechanism with negative radius rollerfollower. Cams are used to convert rotary to linear reciprocating motion. Feb 03, 2016 however, a roller follower can possibly jam during steep cam displacements. Mass of the follower is m, the coefficient of rigidity is c n and the damping coefficient is b.
Follower refers only to that part of the follower link which contacts the cam. The software tool has mainly been developed to enhance student learning, but it can readily be used to design and analyze cam mechanisms for industrial. The roller follower has the advantage of lower rolling friction than the sliding contact of the other two, but can be more. Why the interest in the dynamics of cam mechanisms. Introduction cams are commonly used in opening and closing of valves in internal combustion engines. Cam follower outer ring seal side plate stud needle roller cage fig. The torsional rigidity of the camshaft is k and mass of the camshaft is neglected. Keywords analytical model, camfollower, constant velocity motion, cycloid motion, parabolic motion, shm. Oct 11, 2016 a cam and follower mechanism is to convert one form of motion to other usually rotary to linear and vice versa. Vibrations of cam mechanisms eindhoven university of. However, the manufacturing of cams is expensive and the wear effect due to the.
Lets say you need to make a bot which sows seeds in a farm. A fine pointed follower will more accurately trace the outline of the cam. In the proposed approach, conjugate surface theory is employed to derive a. The validity of the proposed design methodology is demonstrated by machining a cam mechanism having a negative radius roller follower with a radius of 100 mm.
Build a cam and cam follower mechanism adding a cam to your mechanism is another important requirement when you design and build going packaging machines. Cam followers with an outer diameter size of 1116 inches or smaller can be relubricated only through the flange end of the stud. The cam itself is the small mechanical part that looks like a guitar pick or a tear drop. Furthermore, due to the high contact forces associated with camroller pairs as part of fuel injection units, rolling friction is the dominant power loss contributor as. Cam follower design is important in the way the profile of the cam is followed. The cam follower is used in a wide range of applications such as cam mechanisms of automatic machines, dedicated machines as well as carrier systems, conveyors, bookbinding machines, tool changers of machining centers, pallet changers, automatic coating machines, and sliding forks of. Optimization of cam follower mechanism to increase mechanical efficiency mr. Four cylinder engine with cam and follower mechanism youtube. Introduction of cams and types of cam and followers.
Lubrication and frictional analysis of camroller follower mechanisms. A cam mechanism with the basic curve like g in figure 67g will impart simple harmonic motion to the follower. One of the pros of using a cam follower bearing is that they always distribute evenly, regardless of the configuration of the unit. One response to kinematics of the camfollower mechanism.
459 1139 791 1331 905 68 1274 582 676 84 1122 974 854 741 804 58 862 1010 834 552 5 112 442 309 1434 967 957 849 42 1179 574 860 1344 887 458 91 733 1178 899 406 1196 340 945 1125 558 1451